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ja:ウィリアム・ブラックストン
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(This article is about Sir William Blackstone, the English jurist. Blackstone is also the name of several places; see Blackstone)
Sir William Blackstone, (1723–1780) was an English jurist and professor who produced the historical treatise on the common law called Commentaries on the Laws of England, first published in four volumes over 1765–1769.
Blackstone was educated at Pembroke College at Oxford University. In 1743 he was made a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and he was called to the bar as a barrister in 1746. After practising in the courts of Westminster for several years, he returned to Oxford in 1758 when another lawyer, Charles Viner, established an endowed chair at the university for a lecturer in law. Viner's endowed chair became known as the Vinerian professorship, and it continues to exist to the present day.
In addition to the Commentaries, Blackstone published treatises on Magna Carta and the Charter of the Forest. In 1761 he was elected a Member of Parliament for Hindon and "took the silk" as king's counsel.
Blackstone and his work are occasionally mentioned in literature. For example, Blackstone is mentioned in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.
Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England is also frequently quoted as the definitive pre-Revolutionary War source of Common Law by US courts; in particular, the United States Supreme Court quotes from Blackstone's work whenever they wish to engage in historical discussion that goes back that far, or further (for example, when discussing the intent of the Framers of the Constitution). Although not the first to express the principle, Blackstone's statement "Better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer" has been mentioned with strong approval in US and other common law courts.
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