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Romanization or Latinization of Ukrainian denotes a system for representing the Ukrainian language in Latin letters. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, a variation of Cyrillic.
Romanization may be employed to represent Ukrainian text or pronunciation for non-Ukrainian readers, on computer systems that can't reproduce Cyrillic characters, or for typists who aren't familiar with the Ukrainian keyboard layout. Methods of romanization include transliteration, representing written text, and transcription, representing the spoken word.
When romanizing, it is common to write well-known proper names using an established conventional form, rather than strictly transliterating them. The conventional form might be romanized using a different system or through another intermediate language. For example, although the spelling of Ukraine's capital city is Kyiv in official documents and on maps, many English-speakers know it as Kiev. The title of Kyiv's entry on Wikipedia has been hotly debated.
Romanization systems
Some commonly-used systems for Romanizing Ukrainian. Some of these are revised periodically, and so this list includes the date of the latest version.
- National 1996
- The official system of Ukraine, also employed by the UN and many countries' foreign services. Based on English orthography.
- ISO 9:1995
- ISO 9 is a standard from the International Organization for Standardization. Meant to be usable by readers of most European languages. Each Cyrillic character is represented by exactly one Latin character.
- ALA-LC Romanization Tables 1997
- American Library Association and Library of Congress. Used by US and Canadian libraries for representing bibliographic information.
- BGN/PCGN 1965
- United States Board on Geographic Names & Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use.
- IPA
- The International Phonetic Alphabet accurately represents pronunciation. Requires specialized fonts.
- X-SAMPA
- Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet, for representing IPA using only ASCII characters. An international version of SAMPA
Common systems for romanizing Ukrainian
| Cyrillic | National | ISO 9 | ALA/LC | BGN/PCGN | IPA | X-SAMPA
|
| Аа | a | a | a | a | [ʌ] | /V/
|
| Бб | b | b | b | b | [b] | /b/
|
| Вв | v | v | v | v | [v] | /v/
|
| Гг | h, gh¹ | g | h | h | [ɦ] | /h\/
|
| Ґґ | g | g̀ | g | g | [g] | /g/
|
| Дд | d | d | d | d | [d] | /d/
|
| Ее | e | e | e | e | [e] | /e/
|
| Єє | ie, ye² | ê | i͡e | ye | [je] | /je/
|
| Жж | zh | ž | z͡h | zh | [ʒ] | /Z/
|
| Зз | z | z | z | z | [z] | /z/
|
| Ии | y | i | y | y | [ɪ] | /I/
|
| Іі | i | ì | i | i | [i] | /i/
|
| Її | i, yi² | ï | ï | yi | [ji] | /ji/
|
| Йй | i, y² | j | ĭ | y | [j] | /j/
|
| Кк | k | k | k | k | [k] | /k/
|
| Лл | l | l | l | l | [l] | /l/
|
| Мм | m | m | m | m | [m] | /m/
|
| Нн | n | n | n | n | [n] | /n/
|
| Оо | o | o | o | o | [o] | /o/
|
| Пп | p | p | p | p | [p] | /p/
|
| Рр | r | r | r | r | [r] | /r/
|
| Сс | s | s | s | s | [s] | /s/
|
| Тт | t | t | t | t | [t] | /t/
|
| Уу | u | u | u | u | [u] | /u/
|
| Фф | f | f | f | f | [f] | /f/
|
| Хх | kh | h | kh | kh | [x] | /x/
|
| Цц | ts | c | t͡s | ts | [c] | /c/
|
| Чч | ch | č | ch | ch | [ʧ] | /tS/
|
| Шш | sh | š | sh | sh | [ʃ] | /S/
|
| Щщ | sch | ŝ | shch | shch | [ʃʧ] | /StS/
|
| Юю | iu, yu² | û | i͡u | yu | [ju] | /ju/
|
| Яя | ia, ya² | â | i͡a | ya | [jʌ] | /jV/
|
| Ьь | ’ | ′ | ′ | ’ | [◌ʲ] | /◌'/ or /◌_j/
|
| ’ | ” | ’ | - | ” | - | -
|
Notes:
- gh is used in the romanization of зг (zgh).
- The second variant is used at the beginning of a word
See also
External links
- Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts (http://ee.www.ee/transliteration/) A collection of writing systems and transliteration tables, by Thomas T. Pederson. PDF reference charts for many languages' transliteration systems. Ukrainian PDF (http://ee.www.ee/transliteration/pdf/Ukrainian.pdf).
- Working Group on Romanization Systems (http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/), under the United Nations Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names. Ukrainian PDF (http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_uk.pdf).
- ALA-LC Romanization Tables (http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html) Scanned text of the 1997 edition of the ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts. Ukrainian PDF (http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/ukrainia.pdf).
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