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Planning)
- Alternative meanings: Plan, Isère, plan view
A Plan prescribe proposed methods of moving towards or achieving one or more objectives or goals. Often structured, plans can occur in projects, diplomacy, careers, economic development, military campaigns, combat, or in the conduct of some business.
Planning
The term planning implies the working out of sub-components in some degree of detail. Broader-brush enunciations of objectives may qualify as metaphorical road maps.
Planning literally just means the creation of a plan. It has acquired a technical meaning, however, to cover the area of government legislation and regulations related to the use of resources.
Planning can refer to the planned use of any and all resources (as in the succession of Five-Year Plans through which the government of the Soviet Union sought to develop the country. However, the term is most frequently used in relation to planning for the use of land and related resources, for example in urban planning, transportation planning, and so forth.
Thus, in a governmental context, "planning" without any qualification is most likely to mean the regulation of land use.
See also: practice, tactic, strategy
Methodology
The discipline of planning has occupied great minds and theoreticians. Concepts such as top-down planning (as opposed to bottom-up planning) reveal similiarities with the systems thinking behind the Top-Down Model.
Types of plan
In military usage, the grand structured pre-set plans of World War I became the more flexible and less pretentious limited-objective operations of World War II and later.
The tactic of violence that targets civilians, with the objective of forcing an enemy to favorable terms, by creating fear, demoralization, or political discord in the attacked population, is referred to as "Terrorism". The practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism is referred to as "Counter-terrorism".
Economic planning became an important discipline in the Soviet Union and in Japan -- in the West the word "planner" may rather evoke images of town planning.
Examples of plans
See also
da:plan (projekt)
fr:plan
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