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Military district (USSR and Russia), военный округ (voyenniy okrug), territorial association of military units, formations, military schools and various local military establishments. It operates under the command of the Commander of the military district, who subordinates to the Defense Minister. Such territorial division provides convenient management of army units, their training and other activities regarding the country’s readiness to defend itself.
In Imperial Russia, military districts were first formed in 1862-1864. In USSR, the first six military districts (Yaroslavsky, Moskovsky, Orlovsky, Belomorsky, Uralsky and Privolzhsky) were formed in March of 1918 during the Russian Civil War in 1918-1920 in order to prepare big army reserves for the front.
The number of military districts varied depending on the circumstances and with the evolution of the Soviet Army. For example, before the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 there were 16 military districts and one front. Right after the war, it changed to 33, however, by October of 1946, it had been reduced to 21.
Military activities in a military district are supervised by the Commander with the help of district headquarters and other district administrations and departments.
In today's Russia, there are 6 military districts - Moskovsky (Moscow region), Leningradsky (St.Petersburg region), Severo-Kavkazsky (Northern Caucasus region), Privolzhsko-Uralsky (The Volga region and the Urals), Sibirsky (Siberia), Dalnevostochny (Far East) and the Special region of Kaliningrad.
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