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Mausolus (more correctly Maussollus), was satrap of the Persian empire and practically ruler of Caria (377-353/352 BC).
The part he took in the revolt against Artaxerxes Mnemon (362), his conquest of a great part of Lycia, Ionia and of several of the Greek islands, his co-operation with the Rhodians and their ally in the war against Athens, and the removal of his capital from Mylasa, the ancient seat of the Carian kings, to Halicarnassus are the leading facts of his history.
Mausolus was the eldest son of Hecatomnus of Mylasa, a native Carian who became Satrap of Caria, when Tissaphernes died, ca BC 395 BC. these Carian rulers embraced Hellenic culture.
He is best known from the tomb erected for him by his sister and widow Artemisia. The architects Satyrus and Pythis, and the sculptors Scopas, Leochares, Bryaxis and Timotheus, finished the work after her death, for the honor and glory of the work. The name of the "Mausoleum" came to be used generically for any grand tomb. Its site and a few remains can still be seen in the Turkish town of Bodrum.
An inscription discovered at Mylasa (Philipp August Böckh, Inscr. gr. ii. 2691 c.) details the punishment of certain conspirators who had made an attempt upon his life at a festival in a temple at Labranda in 353.
This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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fr:Mausole
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