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fr:Maréchal de France de:Marschall von Frankreich
The title of Marshal of France (Maréchal de France) was derived from the office of marescallus Franciae created by Philippe Auguste for Albéric Clément (circa 1190). It later became a distinction and takes precedence above the constable, which was originally an office above the marshal. Up to 1791, there were 256 Marshals of France. This title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793.
During the First French Empire, there were Empire marshals.
Under the Bourbon Restoration, Empire marshals were changed back to Marshals of France and Napoléon III kept the name unchanged.
In contemporary France, Marshal is a military distinction, not a military rank, granted to generals for exceptional achievements. Its symbol, the marshal baton, is a blue cylinder with stars (formerly fleur-de-lis).
Philippe Pétain, awarded the distinction of Marshal of France for his generalship in the First World War, retained his title even after his trial and imprisonment and being stripped of other positions and titles.
The last living Marshal of France was Alphonse Pierre Juin - promoted 1952, died 1967.
Some Marshals of France
First Empire
Restauration
Second Empire
World War I
World War II
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