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ja:国際バカロレア資格
The International Baccalaureate (IB) is a group of three educational programmes and their respective examinations, as established by the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO).
These three programmes are the following:
- the Primary Years Programme (PYP) for pupils aged 3 to 12
- the Middle Years Programme (MYP) for pupils aged 11 to 16
- the Diploma Programme for pupils aged 15 to 19
The programmes are modelled after educational systems from around the world, without being based on any particular one, incorporating both the breadth offered by some as well as the early specialisation offered by others. Their rigorousness and high standards have ensured its wide recognition throughout the world.
The Diploma Programme
This programme is intended for students in the final two years of secondary school – often before entering university.
Upon its completion, students receive a diploma which may be useful in obtaining admission to institutions of higher education. This degree is regarded as a foreign diploma, so recognition varies widely depending on the university.
Particularly in the USA, some IB courses are recognized as equivalent to college level courses, and colleges may award entering students with credit for high IB exam scores. In this regard it is similar to the Advanced Placement Program, or superior to it, depending on the institute of higher learning in question. However, IB exams are only taken after most colleges send acceptance letters, so IB exam scores do not confer a benefit to college admission in the USA.
In other parts of the world, the IB Diploma is used only to assess a student's suitability to enter university. In some, particularly countries with strong high school standards, it is not considered equivalent to a high school diploma. It is therefore advised to know which university you are planning to attend, and to enquire in advance whether they admit IB graduates or not. A list of universities admitting the IB can be found on the IBO web site.
Grades are awarded from 1 to 7 in each subject, and 0 to 3 possible points for good results in the Extended Essay and the Theory of Knowledge class. A diploma student takes 6 courses, and completes the Extended Essay and Theory of Knowledge class, for a total of 45 possible points per diploma. If a candidate fails one part of the final examination, or chooses not to fulfil all parts of the programme, he or she may receive a certificate only.
Syllabus
Subject Areas
Students must take one course from each group, with at least three (but not more than four) taken at higher level (HL), and the rest taken at standard level (SL). Higher level subjects have approximately 240 hours of teaching time, and standard level subjects have at least 150.
- Group 1: Language A1 - Generally the student's first language.
- Group 2: Second language - A second-language course or a second A1 language.
- Group 3: Individuals and societies - Subjects such as philosophy, economics, psychology, social anthropology, geography and history.
- Group 4: Experimental sciences - Subjects such as physics, chemistry, biology and design technology.
- Group 5: Mathematics - The subjects are mathematical studies, mathematical methods (standard level) and mathematics (higher level). This group also includes computer science, further mathematics and ITGS (Information Technology for Global Society), but these courses are only electives (and not substitutes for the other mathematics courses).
- Group 6: Arts - Subjects such as visual arts, music, theatre arts.
Instead of a Group 6 subject, candidates may select an additional subject from Groups 1 to 4, or a Group 5 elective.
Extended Essay
Each student must write an essay of some 4000 words in any chosen subject (not necessarily one taken for the final exam) under a title he or she has come up with. This task involves independent research and requires producing a comprehensible written piece thereof.
CAS
CAS is an acronym for Creativity, Action, Service. Each diploma student must complete at least 150 hours spread out over 1.5 years doing something creative, participating in sport or other physical activities, and doing community service/social work.
At the present, multiple activities are allowed. This means that, for example, if you are engaged in a charitable activity where you teach disabled children to swim, this counts both as Action and as Service, and counts as twice the time you spent with it! Therefore, people prefer to choose activities that are multiple CAS's.
Theory of Knowledge
Each student must complete the Theory of Knowledge course (acronym is TOK), which attempts to stimulate students to be critical and learn about basic epistemology. To complete requirements for TOK, each diploma candidate must write a TOK essay of 1200-1600 words on a set title (from a choice of ten), and present a TOK issue to their class on the candidate's choice of topic. (See external links below for more information.)
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