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In baseball, being hit by a pitch refers to the batter being hit in some part of the body by a pitch from the pitcher. In baseball statistics, hit by pitch (denoted by HBP) records the number of times a batter is awarded first base by virtue of being hit by a pitched ball. In pitching statistics it also records the number of times a batter opposing the pitcher is awarded first base due to being hit by a pitch.
The rules dictate that a batter is to be awarded a base only if he is touched by a pitched ball which he is not attempting to hit, unless the ball is in the strike zone when it touches the batter, or the batter makes no attempt to avoid being touched by the ball. "Headhunting" is the act of deliberately throwing the baseball at the batter in an attempt to injure him and is strictly forbidden by the rules of baseball. Headhunting is slightly more common in the American League than in the National League, because pitchers are required to bat in the National League.
It is often incorrectly thought that a hit by pitch cannot be awarded on a pitch that has touched the ground. Such a bouncing pitch is like any other, and if a batter is hit by such a pitch, he will be awarded first unless he made no attempt to avoid it.
In the 2004 baseball season, in an attempt to cut down on headhunting in the American League, umpires have begun freely ejecting pitchers who throw directly at a batter's body. Baltimore Orioles pitcher Jorge Julio was suspended in September under this change in policy after throwing a pitch at Minnesota Twins infielder Augie Ojeda's head on September 7th.
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