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George Horace Gallup (1901-1984), American statistician, invented the Gallup poll, a successful statistical method of survey sampling for measuring public opinion.
Gallup was born into a poor farming family in Jefferson, Iowa. He entered Iowa State University and produced a doctoral thesis entitled A New Technique for Objective Methods for Measuring Reader Interest in Newspapers. This led to his founding the American Institute of Public Opinion in 1935.
In 1936 the organisation achieved fame by correctly predicting, from the replies of only 50,000 respondents, the result of the presidential election, in contradiction to the widely respected Literary Digest magazine whose much more extensive poll based on over two million returned questionnaires got the result wrong. Not only did he get the election right, he correctly predicted the results of the Literary Digest poll as well using a random sample smaller than theirs but chosen to match it.
Gallup died in Switzerland. The worldwide Gallup Organization that he founded is now run by his son George Gallup Jr.
Books
- Guide to Public Opinion Polls (1944)
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