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Forestry is the art and science and practice of studying and managing forests and related natural resources. Much research and development has been invested in learning about managing forest ecosystems, improving varieties of trees, and in better methods of planting, pest control, thinning, controlled burning, felling, and extraction and of processing timber into usable products. The art and science of managing forests for its many uses is called silviculture.
In many countries, the forest industry is of major ecological, economic, and social importance. Third-party certification systems that provide independent verification of sound forest stewardship and sustainable forestry have become commonplace in many areas since the 1990s.
A division has arisen in recent years between advocates of active forest management and those who want to see no management.
Growing concerns about environmental problems arising from massive deforestation (especially in the rain forests) have recently put forestry and its implications into the spotlight.
Sir Dietrich Brandis is considered the father of tropical forestry.
Forestry education
The first dedicated forestry school was established by George Hartig at Dillenburg in Germany in 1787, though forestry had already been taught for a long time before then in central Europe. The first forestry school in North America was near Asheville, North Carolina, in the Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern U.S., where George Vanderbilt saw the devastation that logging had left behind. The grounds of his Biltmore Estate are almost entirely managed forest, which has grown from bare ground to mature trees since 1895.
de:Forstwirtschaft
fr:Sylviculture
ja:林業
sv:Skogsbruk
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