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- This article is about the concept of flux in physics and mathematics. For other uses of the word, see flux (disambiguation).
Flux is the flow that occurs as a result of a potential difference. It can be described as a through variable, where potential difference is the across variable. The product of the flux and the potential difference is the power, which is the rate of change of the conserved quantity, e.g energy.
There are many types of flux:
Flux is a quantity proportional to the surface integral of the normal (perpendicular) force field intensity over a given surface.
- <math>\mathrm{Flux} = K \int_s F_N\,dS<math>
Where FN is the normal component of a field (eg, gravitational field, magnetic field, electric field) and K is the constant of proportionality between the field and the flux density (permittivity, permeability, etc.).
For electromagnetic radiation, flux signifies the energy per unit time (or power) passing through a surface. (See also flux unit).
The term is also used to denote the volume or mass of fluid or particles transferred across a given area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a given time. For photons or particles, flux is the number passing through a surface per unit time. In nuclear physics, flux commonly means the product n×v, where n is the number of particles per unit volume and v is their mean velocity.
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