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After the early School of Antioch came into decline, the presbyter
Diodore of Tarsus re-founded it in the middle of the fourth century as
a semi-monastic community. He was a native of Antioch who had studied
philosophy in Athens together with his friend Basil of Caesarea.
In Antioch he became famous for his orthodox steadfastness
against the Arian bishops that ruled the city at that time.
In 378 Diodore left Antioche to become Bishop of Tarsus and his
student Theodore of Mopsuestia became the new head of the school.
Diodore and Theodore were strong opponents of the heresy of
Apollinaris, who maintained that Christ was the divine word dwelling
in a human body, but without a human soul. In response, they insisted
that Christ had both a divine and a human soul, which were connected
but distinct. The Alexandrian school on the other hand taught a union
of the two persons of Christ.
The teaching Diodore and Theodore is the foundation of the Assyrian
(Nestorian) theology.
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