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Constantinople (Roman name: Constantinopolis; Greek: Konstantinoupolis or Κωνσταντινούπολη) is the former name of the city of Istanbul in Turkey. Its original name was Byzantium (Greek: Byzantion or Bυζαντιον, pronounced roughly Booz-dan-tion). The name is a reference to the Roman emperor Constantine I who made it the capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, 330 AD. Constantine named the city Nova Roma (New Rome), but that name never came into common use.
Constantinople was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. In Byzantine times the Greeks called Constantinople i Poli ("the City"), since it was the centre of the Greek world and for most of the Byzantine period the largest city in Europe. It was captured and sacked by the Fourth Crusade in 1204 and then re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus in 1261.
Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire finally fell to the Ottoman Empire on May 29, 1453 (See the Fall of Constantinople). The Ottoman Turks called the city Stamboul or Istanbul, which are Turkish renderings of Constantinople, although westerners still called the city by its Greek name. Istanbul only became the official name in 1930. When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved from Istanbul to Ankara.
See also
cy:Caergystennin
da:Konstantinopel
de:Konstantinopel
es:Constantinopla
eo:Konstantinopolo
fr:Constantinople
ko:콘스탄티노폴리스
it:Costantinopoli
hu:Konstantinpoly
nl:Constantinopel
ja:コンスタンティノポリス
pl:Konstantynopol
pt:Constantinopla
ro:Constantinopol
sv:Konstantinopel
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