College football

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A college football game between Colorado State University and the Air Force Academy

College football was the venue through which American football first gained popularity in the United States. College football remains extremely popular today among students, alumni, and other fans of the sport.

Table of contents

1 History

2 The season schedule

3 National championships

4 NCAA divisions and conferences

4.1 NCAA Division I-A
4.2 NCAA Division I-AA
4.3 NCAA Division II
4.4 NCAA Division III

5 NAIA Conferences

6 Conferences that formerly sponsored football

7 College football bowl games for 2003-2004

8 Bowls no longer played

9 College football awards

10 External links

History

A college football game between Texas Tech University and the U.S. Naval Academy

The first game played between teams representing different colleges or universities was played on November 6, 1869 between Rutgers University and Princeton University, at College Field (which is now the parking lot behind the College Avenue Gym, as well as the site of the Gym itself), New Brunswick, New Jersey. Rutgers won, by a score of 6 to 4. As the score would indicate, the game bore little resemblance to the game of today. The rules of that game were the 1863 rules of the London Football Association, which later adopted the general rules of soccer.

The development of the modern game can be traced to a meeting between the Harvard University and McGill University football teams in 1874. The two teams were used to playing different brands of football--the McGill team played a rugby-style game, while Harvard played a soccer-style game. The teams agreed to play under compromise rules, and from this meeting the game of football began to evolve in both the United States and Canada.

The game increased in popularity through the remainder of the 19th century. It also became increasingly violent. President Theodore Roosevelt threatened, in 1906, to ban the sport following a series of player deaths from injuries suffered during games. The response to this was the formation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, which set rules governing the sport. One of the rules changes to emerge from this attempt at alleviating the violence of the sport was the introduction of the forward pass. Another was the banning of "mass momentum" plays (many of which, like the infamous "flying wedge", were literally deadly).

Prior to the founding of the National Football League, and for a few decades thereafter, college football was the predominant venue for American football. Innovations in strategy and style of play originated in college football and spread to the pro game gradually. It was not until the post- World War II era that the pro game achieved ascendancy in the eyes of the average American sports fan.

The season schedule

Unlike the NFL season (which runs from September to the end of December), the college football regular season has a different schedule. It begins two to three weeks earlier, towards the end of August. Until 2003, the regular season was officially ushered in by the Kickoff Classic, held in recent years in New Jersey (although other pre-season games such as the Eddie Robinson Classic and the Pigskin Classic have also been played), but recent NCAA sanctions eliminated some of these games, and so the season starts right off with regular games. The regular season then continues through early December (generally with the annual Army-Navy Game).

The college post-season is ushered in by the annual presentation of the Heisman Trophy Award, considered the most prestigious award in all of college football, given to the top player of the year. This is then followed by a series of successful bowl games that showcases (in some situations) the top college team in a particular conference, as well as the mythical "national champion" (determined usually during the New Year's holiday in January). A series of all-star bowl games round out the season for the balance of January, including the East-West Shrine Game, the Senior Bowl (for many decades the official final game of the season), the Hula Bowl, and the Gridiron Classic (in recent years, the Hula and Gridiron have alternated as the final game of the season).

National championships

NCAA divisions and conferences

NCAA Division I-A

NCAA Division I-AA

NCAA Division II

NCAA Division III

NAIA Conferences

Conferences that formerly sponsored football