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Ch'en Tu-hsiu)
Chen Duxiu (陈独秀, pinyin: Chén Dúxiù, Wade-Giles: Ch'en Tu-hsiu; 1879 - 1942) was the main founder of the Communist Party of China and its first leader.
He studied in Japan in his early life. In 1915 Chen started the influential magazine, New Youths. He lectured Chinese literature and became the president of the school of Arts in Peking University since 1917. In 1918 he started another magazine, the Weekly Review with Li Dazhao, promoting democracy, science and new literature (baihua).
He was also one of the main leaders of the May Fourth Movement in 1919. After the movement Chen was heavily influenced by the 1917 October Revolution and started to advocate and promote Marxism after a serious study of it. He founded the Communist Party in 1921 and was elected as the General Secretary of the Central Bureau.
Under the leadership of Li Dazhao and Chen, the CPC was the section in China of the Comintern. At the direction of the Comintern, Li and Chen were inducted into the Kuomintang in 1922. Chen followed Comintern policy in the 1925-27 revolution but was in fact opposed to the startegy of subjecting the CCP to the Guomindang to the point of handing over membership lists of the CCP. However he abided by party discipline until after the Shanghai Commune of 1927.
With the Northern Expedition of 1926 succesful and following the conquest of Shanghai from the warlords the contradictions between the CCP and Guomindang grew acute. That is until the contradictions were resolved by the Guomindang launching a massive wave of repression against the CCP and the workers of Shanghai that saw a wave of terror spread across the city. This wave of terror being made easier as the Goumindang possessed lists of the CCP membership handed over to them by the party. Chen was presented to the party membership as having been responsible for the debacle.
After being expelled from the CCP Chen joined the International Left Opposition in 1929 when he discovered that Leon Trotsky's criticisms of the Comintern Strategy in China were substantially identical to his own. In 1932 he was arrested by Kuomintang for being the founder of an illegal party. He was released five years later and kept silent ever after. Chen passed away in 1942 in Sichuan.
de:Chen Duxiu
zh:陈独秀
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