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Capital of China)
Numerous cities have been the capital of China during the course of history.
- Beijing was and has been the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorted chronologically):
- State of Yan in Spring and Autumn Period: called Ji (薊 Jì)
- Liao Dynasty, as a secondary capital: called Yanjing (燕京 Yānjīng "capital of Yan")
- Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) from Jin Shi Zong until 1220s (1217?): called Zhongdu (中都 Zhōngdū "central capital")
- Yuan Dynasty: Khanbalik (Mongolian: the Khan's city); translated to Chinese as Dàdū (大都 "great capital"). This was reported as Cambaluc by Marco Polo.
- Ming Dynasty since Yongle Emperor of China: called Jīngshī (京師 "capital")
- Qing Dynasty since the fall of Ming in 1644.
- the current capital of the People's Republic of China
- Changchun was the capital of the Manchukuo, a nominally independent puppet state set up by the Japanese in Manchuria from 1931 to 1945: called Xingjing or Tsinking (新京; Xīnjīng"new capital")
- The Wu Yue Kingdom (904-978), during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
- China during the Southern Song: called Lin'an (临安 Lín'ān)
- Kaifeng was the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorted chronologically):
- Later Liang Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
- Later Jin Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
- Later Han Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
- Later Zhou Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
- Northern Song Dynasty: called Dongjing (东京 Dōngjīng)
- Luoyang was the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorted chronologically):
- Eastern Zhou Dynasty
- Eastern Han Dynasty from 25 to 220.
- Kingdom of Wei during the Three Kingdoms.
- Western Jin Dynasty
- Northern Wei Dynasty since 493, moved its capital from Datong.
- Later Tang Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
- Nanjing was the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorted chronologically):
- all of the Six Dynasties: called Jianye (建业 Jiànyè) or Jiankang (建康 Jiànkāng). The Six Dynasties are:
- Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms
- Eastern Jin Dynasty
- Song Dynasty
- Qi Dynasty,
- Liang Dynasty
- Chen Dynasty
- Ming Dynasty before Yongle Emperor moved the capital to Beijing.
- Republic of China after the Northern Expedition until the Japanese invasion in 1937 of WWII, and after the war until Chiang Kai-Shek retreated to Taiwan in 1949. (It is still the "official" ROC capital.)
- collaborationist government of Wang Jingwei
- Xi'an (called Chang'an in ancient times) was the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorted chronologically):
- Western Han Dynasty, from 206 BC to AD 9.
- Western Wei Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty
- Sui Dynasty
- Tang Dynasty
The Chinese phrase Four Great Ancient Capitals of China (中国四大古都 pinyin Zhōngguó Sì Dà Gǔdū) refers to Nanjing, Beijing, Xi'an, and Luoyang.
See also: Capitals of subnational entities of China
zh:中国首都
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