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Atahualpa Yupanqui performing for Radio Nacional, Buenos Aires. Source: Argentine National ArchivesAtahualpa Yupanqui (22 January 1908 - 23 May 1992) was an Argentine singer, songwriter, guitarist, and writer. He is considered the most important Argentine folk musician of the 20th century.
Yupanqui was born Héctor Roberto Chavero in Pergamino (Buenos Aires province). His family moved to Tucumán when he was ten.
In his early years, Yupanqui travelled extensively through the northwest of Argentina and the Altiplano studying the indigenous culture. He also became radicalized and joined the Communist Party of Argentina. In 1931, he participated in the failed uprising of the Kennedy brothers and was forced to seek refuge in Uruguay. He returned to Argentina in 1934.
In 1935, Yupanqui paid his first visit to Buenos Aires; his compositions were growing in popularity, and he was invited to perform on the radio. Shortly thereafter, he made the acquaintance of Antonieta Paula Pepin Fitzpatrick, nicknamed "Nenette", who became his lifelong companion and musical collaborator under the pseudonym "Pablo Del Cerro".
During the military regime of 1946-1949, he was harassed and jailed, so in 1949 he left for Europe. Edith Piaf invited him to perform in Paris in June of that year. He subsquently toured extensively throughout Europe.
In 1952, Yupanqui returned to Buenos Aires. Because of his criticisms of the Communist Party, he was expelled from the party, which made it easier for him to perform on the radio. However, he was nonetheless treated with hostility by the anti-Peronists who came to power after the fall of Peron in 1956.
In subsequent years, Yupanqui alternated living between houses in Buenos Aires and Cerros Colorados, in the province of Córdoba. During 1963-1964, he toured Colombia, Japan, Morocco, Egypt, Israel, and Italy. In 1967, he toured Spain, and established himself in Paris. He returned regularly to Argentina, but these visits became less frequent when the military dictatorship of Jorge Videla came to power in 1976.
Yupanqui died in Paris in 1992 at age 84.
Best-known songs
Atahualpa Yupanqui best known compositions include Viene clareando, El arriero, Zamba del grillo, La añera, La pobrecita, Milonga del peón de campo, Camino del indio, Chacarera de las piedras, Recuerdos del Portezuelo, El alazán, Indiecito dormido, El aromo, Le tengo rabia al silencio, Piedra y camino, Luna Tucumana, Los ejes de mi carreta, Sin caballo y en Montiel, Cachilo dormido, and Tú que puedes vuélvete
Books
- Piedra sola (1940)
- Aires indios (1943)
- Cerro Bayo (1953)
- Guitarra (1960)
- El canto del viento (1965)
- El payador perseguido (1972)
- La Capataza (1992)
de:Atahualpa Yupanqui
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