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Abana (or AMANAH, classical Chrysorrhoas) and PHARPAR,
the "rivers of Damascus" (2 Kings v. 12), now generally identified with the Barada (i.e. cold) and the A`waj
(i.e. crooked) respectively, though if the reference
to Damascus be limited to the city, as in the Arabic
version of the Old Testament, Pharpar would be the modern
Taura. Both streams run from west to east across the plain of
Damascus, which owes to them much of its fertility, and lose
themselves in marshes, or lakes, as they are called, on the
borders of the great Arabian desert. John McGregor, who gives
an interesting description of them in his Rob Roy on the
Jordan, affirmed that as a work of hydraulic engineering,
the system and construction of the canals, by which the Abana
and Pharpar were used for irrigation, might be considered as
one of the most complete and extensive in the world. As the
Barada escapes from the mountains through a narrow gorge,
its waters spread out fan-like, in canals or rivers, the
name of one of which, Nahr Banias, retains a trace of Abana.
From Gutenberg Encyclopedia (1911)
See Also: Amana
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